< PreviousCHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE The Belt and Road initiative is a development strategy proposed by China that aims to promote the connectivity of Asian, European and African continents and their adjacent seas, plus establish and strengthen partnerships among over 65 countries. The identified countries jointly account for 62 percent and 30 percent of the world’s population and gross domestic product (GDP), respectively. In the next five years, China is estimated to invest up to US$150 billion in Belt and Road countries. The initiative calls for the integration of the region into a cohesive economic area through building infrastructure, increasing culture exchanges, and broadening trade. On the basis of respecting each other’s sovereignty and security concerns, countries along the Belt and Road should improve the connectivity of their infrastructure construction plans and technical standard systems, jointly push forward the construction of international trunk passageways, and form an infrastructure network connecting all sub- regions in Asia, and between Asia, Europe and Africa, step by step. Countries need to improve the region’s infrastructure, putting in place a secure and efficient network of land, sea and air passages, lifting their connectivity to a higher level and further enhancing trade and investment facilitation. For air transport, the initiative calls to expand and build platforms and mechanisms for comprehensive civil aviation cooperation, and quicken the pace in improving aviation infrastructure. AIR AMBULANCES FOR REMOTE NORWAY People living in rural and remote areas may face particular challenges. One of the biggest is healthcare. In Norway, where residents of rural towns benefit from Air Ambulance Services, a programme was put in place nearly 30 years ago to provide prompt and easy access to healthcare. With a budget of around 800 million Norwegian kroner (US$91 million) and 20,000 patients helped annually, this service allows remote areas in Norway to maintain their population and assure the urgent care of their medical needs Source: luftambulansetjenesten transportation. It provides the only possible means of transportation to provide health care to many remote communities, and it is a fast and reliable way to deliver urgent humanitarian aid during emergencies caused by natural disasters, famine and war. Furthermore, educational opportunities are made available to students around the world, especially for those students from developing countries who must travel abroad for higher quality education. Aviation also contributes to improving quality of life by broadening travellers’ leisure and cultural experiences. It provides an affordable means to visit distant friends and relatives, and fosters awareness of other cultures. SUPPORTING UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS The United Nations (UN) adopted the Transforming Our World: 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015. This agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity, and seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom. The world should aim to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets by 2030. Aviation contributes to achieving many of the SDGs directly and indirectly. Attainment of the SDGs relies on advances in sustainable air transport, which is a driver of sustainable development. In accordance with the recommendation made by the UN Secretary General’s SPECIAL SECTION - AVIATION BENEFITS 2017FLOWERS FOR THE WORLD FROM SMALL GROWERS IN KENYA In Kenya, over 100,000 jobs (and 500,000 livelihoods) depend on the cut flower industry, which supports 1.6 percent of the national economy, generating around US$1 billion in foreign exchange each year. Horticulture is Kenya’s fastest growing sector and is ranked third after tourism and tea as a foreign exchange earner. Over 90 percent of fresh horticultural products are transported by air freight. An estimated 70 percent of the flowers are grown at the rim of Lake Naivasha, northwest of Nairobi. There are good road network connections between the Lake Naivasha growing area and Nairobi’s Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, a distance of about 80-100 kilometres. Flowers picked in the morning reach markets in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, by evening. Source: World Bank AIR SAFETY = ECONOMIC BENEFITS The growth of air traffic depends on factors such as airfares, relative prices, real income, level of output, etc. Although there is not a clear understanding of how safety performance affects traffic demand, public safety reputation might affect travellers’ choice of destinations and airlines. A potential impact of safety on traffic demand can be estimated using the econometric model, which uses an effective Implementation (EI) score measured by the ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme Continuous Monitoring Approach (USOAP-CMA) as a proxy to each State’s safety performance. With all other factors affecting traffic being constant, this hypothetical analysis suggests that 10 percent improvement of the EI of a State’s safety oversight system might generate on average an additional 1.8 percent of aircraft departures from the State concerned. Source: ICAO High-Level Advisory Group on Sustainable Transport, all stakeholders must make a genuine commitment to transforming the transport system in terms of individual travel and freight into one that is “safe, affordable, accessible, efficient, and resilient while minimizing carbon and other emissions and environmental impacts.” SUSTAINING THE FUTURE OF AVIATION By 2034, both air passenger traffic and air freight traffic are expected to more than double, compared to 2016. Passenger traffic is expected to reach over 14 trillion RPKs with a growth of 4.6 percent per annum, and freight will expand by 4.4 percent annually over the same time period, to 466 billion FTKs. This growth holds tremendous economic potential which will support all States in achieving the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In 2034, aviation will provide 99 million jobs and generate US$5.9 trillion in GDP, a 122 percent increase from 2014. “ Aviation provides the only rapid worldwide transportation network. ” ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 4 20179 SPECIAL SECTION - AVIATION BENEFITS 2017“ It provides the only possible means of transportation … to deliver urgent humanitarian aid during emergencies. ” MAXIMIZING THE BENEFITS OF AVIATION This checklist provides a guide for maximizing aviation benefits in a sustainable manner. Implementation will require leadership and concerted, coordinated actions from public authorities at all levels, together with aviation stakeholders, financial sectors, and international and regional organizations. 01 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING Mainstream the priorities of the aviation sector in States’ economic development planning so that aviation can be used as an economic development driver. 02 AIR TRANSPORT REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Establish and apply good governance for air transport, i.e. the institutional, regulatory, and policy frameworks, in which air transport is designed, implemented and managed. 03 AVIATION INFRASTRUCTURE Develop quality aviation infrastructure (including air navigation systems and airports) commensurate with the level of predicted traffic growth and based on ICAO’s global plans. 04 RESOURCE MOBILIZATION Promote diversified funding and financing sources in partnership with States, international and regional organizations, and industry, as well as multi-lateral development banks and other financial institutions. 05 SAFETY AND SECURITY Comply with ICAO’s global standards and policies, as well as industry standards to continue enhancing civil aviation safety and security. 06 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Reinforce efforts toward minimizing the environmental effects from civil aviation activities, especially the achievement of the aspirational goals of carbon neutral growth from 2020. 07 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT Foster an informed and engaged public as a crucial partner to advance sustainable air transport solutions. The future growth of air transport will likely depend on sustainable world economic and trade growth, as well as declining airline costs and ticket prices. Other factors, including regulatory regimes (such as liberalization of air transport), technological improvements and fuel costs will also impact future growth. If traffic growth were to slow by just one percent annually, the total number of jobs supported by the air transport sector would diminish by over 10 percent (more than 10 million jobs) and the contribution of the air transport sector to world GDP would drop by some 12 percent (US$690 billion). To encourage this projected growth in a sustainable manner and produce inclusive and productive development and employment, aviation must continue to develop coherent policies with tourism, trade and other transport sectors. A national or regional policy framework consistent with ICAO’s standards and policies, and with globally accepted good regulatory practices, can unlock the full value of aviation. New technologies and procedures should also be adopted to further improve connectivity and modernize infrastructure while minimizing any possible adverse impacts of this growth on the environment. ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 4 201710 SPECIAL SECTION - AVIATION BENEFITS 2017As part of the newly formed International Group of the UK Civil Aviation Authority, CAA International is now extending the impact of the CAA’s expertise across the globe. We have become a social enterprise, reinvesting a sustainable part of any profits we make into the global aviation community. This allows us to deploy the UK CAA’s skills and experience where they are most needed throughout the world. By bringing together experience, technology and resources in an actionable and long-lasting way, we hope to maintain our focus on raising aviation standards worldwide, and help create better aviation for everyone. www.caainternational.com Part of the UK CAA International Group Together for better aviation We’re going further than ever before to raise aviation standards worldwide.EXPLORE ICAO’S TRAINING SEARCH MECHANISM Select from more than 130 ICAO-recognized courses to meet your training needs! FILTER multiple training criteria Fast & easy SEARCH FIND scheduled training sessions worldwide REGISTER online! VISIT ICAO’S GLOBAL AVIATION TRAINING SEARCH MECHANISM AT: WWW.ICAO.INT/TRAINING 1 4 3 2NEW ICAO AIR TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY APP Measuring People’s Access to the International Air Transport System ICAO’s data analysis team has launched a new web-based application (“app”) on the iSTARS 3.0 portal that enables authorized users of the Integrated Safety Trend Analysis and Reporting System to quickly determine the percentage of a State’s population living within 100 kilometres of an aerodrome. Center (SEDAC) of NASA. That’s a huge database, coherent with UN census data. We then took our own airport data, and filtered from the SEDAC database those areas close to international aerodromes and secondary aerodromes feeding into international ones. Our cloud computer took two days to calculate the ratios for each State.” The Air Transport Accessibility app is one of more than 25 apps on the iSTARS 3.0 secure portal. Other apps deliver information on air navigation implementation, airworthiness, accidents and incidents, route networks, dashboards such as the Conflict Zones Risk Information repository and Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme Continuous Monitoring Approach (USOAP-CMA) results, a Map Builder for data such as USOAP Effective Implementation (EI) scores, State and Regional Safety briefings, and more. “At ICAO, we’re doing a lot of predictive analysis, trying to find the future needs of aviation globally,” Mr Merens said. “We have users of information all around the world. It’s important the information is reliable, can get there fast, and is available at any time.” The “Air Transport Accessibility” app shows that “74 percent of the world population has access to international air transport,” noted Mr Marco Merens, Chief, Integrated Aviation Analysis at ICAO. “For Europe, that rises to 90 percent, but for Africa it goes down to 64 percent.” The app allows the user to select one of ICAO’s 192 Member States and compare that State’s aerodrome accessibility with various groups of States – the entire world, an ICAO Region, a PIRG (Planning and Implementation Regional Group), RAIO (Regional Accident and Incident Investigation Organization), RASG (Regional Aviation Safety Group), or RSOO (Regional Safety Oversight Organization), a continent, Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Land Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs), and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) … even special-interest groupings such as States with Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) implementation plans or lithium-battery producing States. After entering the two simple parameters, the app will generate a summary for the State, a comparison with the selected group (in text and graph form), a color-coded choropleth map of the group, and a bar chart which can optionally show the percentage of accessibility for every State in the group. “You can generate a report for any country and any region and get a PDF. Try it,” said Merens. The methodology: “We took worldwide population data per square kilometres as published by the SocioEconomic Data and Application MARCO MERENS Chief, Integrated Aviation Analysis, ICAO “ It’s important that the information is reliable, can get there fast, and is available at any time ” ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 4 201713 -SPECIAL SECTION - AVIATION BENEFITS 2017THIRD ICAO / UNOOSA SYMPOSIUM FOCUSES ON SPACE HARMONY SIMONETTA DI PIPPO Director, United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) Space 2017 was a continuation and culmination of the series of Aerospace Symposiums on sub-orbital commercial operations. started in Montréal, Canada in 2015, with the second held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, in 2016. The Vienna Symposium explored existing regulatory mechanisms and operational practices in aviation and space transportation, challenges and opportunities related to emerging space activities (in particular, future space traffic management), and protection of systems, assets and infrastructures. Mr Hajime Yoshimura, President of the ICAO Air Navigation Commission, said, “This exciting new frontier of transport probably represents one of the most multi-disciplinary challenges ahead of us. It cuts across every technical subject in both aviation and space. But it also requires a necessary level of harmonization between the governance of international civil airspace and outer-space.” He noted that “70 years of aviation standards-setting has clearly demonstrated that such harmonization is a critical enabler to ensure a high degree of safety, security and regularity. It also makes sure that the people of the world have access to all aspects of the sector. In other words, harmonization, makes it fair for everyone.” Mr Yoshimura observed that there are many existing interface issues between airspace and outer space, including space and air law, operational challenges such as management of space debris, segregation of traffic, space weather information, protection of frequency spectrum, utilization of ground facilities, cybersecurity, and application of safety management. In technology areas, regulatory approvals for licencing and certification must be considered. “Risk-based performance standards need to be developed in order that spaceplane operations can be more predictable and transparent for all stakeholders.” However, “we should keep in mind that over regulation should not kill this young industry.” “Given the growing number of benefits derived from space science and technology applications, the conduct of space activities by all the main players continues to expand rapidly,” Ms Simon Di Pippo, Director, United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA), told the gathering of representatives from States, industry, and international and regional aerospace organizations. “Space tools are fundamental to meeting the challenges to humanity and sustainable development and the overarching space security environment in its broader sense caters for global space governance.” “ Space tools are fundamental to meeting the challenges to humanity and sustainable development. ” ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 4 201714 REPORT | SPACE 2017EVENT ICAO / UNOOSA AEROSPACE SYMPOSIUM (SPACE 2017) 29-31 August 2017, Vienna, Austria HOSTS International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) KEY DISCUSSIONS Trends in aviation, space activities, commercial space transportation and sub-orbital operations Sustainability of aerospace activities Regulatory and practical perspectives for aerospace operations and cooperation with aerospace stakeholders Air traffic management and future space traffic management years, he explained, “It will be possible to fire airbreathing engines with the potential to revolutionize space launches, powering vehicles that can take off and land like aircraft, and allowing for flights up to five times the speed of sound, opening up the frontier of hypersonic air travel.” However, he cautioned, “At this point in time, in the absence of even a clear definition of the air-space interface, the regulatory and legal aspects of sub-orbital flights and hypersonic travel are still far from being addressed in a comprehensive and exhaustive manner.” “Considering the current status and the potential benefits, it is probably the right time to promote wider initiatives that encompass sub-orbital flights and hypersonic travel, and that may create synergies among different sectors and actors on a global scale, ultimately making this dream a reality,” Mr Ferretti concluded. Mr Naser AlRashedi, Director of Space Policy and Regulation, UAE Space Agency, emphasized the need for an international mechanism for space accident and incident investigation. “Such a mechanism should build on the long experience by the aviation sector, while considering the differences, and should also cater for areas of common interest by space and aviation.” UNISPACE+50 IN 2018 The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), the only global intergovernmental platform for international cooperation in space activities, has set in motion a roadmap toward the 50th anniversary of the first UN conference on space exploration and cooperation, which was held in 1968. Branded as UNISPACE+50, this effort aims to become a major milestone for the strengthening of global governance of outer space activities. BUSY SPACE Mr Nico Voorbach, Director ICAO and Industry Affairs for the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), said, “Space is getting busier than ever,” growing 5-8 percent annually with 1,400 satellites already in operation and more than 80 new launches a year. “Clear rules need to be developed and agreed by all stakeholders, to accommodate the requirements of users in traditional airspace, as well as space-bound vehicles travelling to and from space,” Mr Voorbach stated. “Close cooperation and collaboration with organizations responsible for space traffic management (STM), airspace/space users and ATM, and the global regulators, including ICAO and the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs.” Ms Dorothy Reimold, US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Director of Strategic Operations, Commercial Space Transportation, and Chair, Space Learning Group, said, “Commercial space transportation is an innovative global industry. Public and private sectors are working together in new ways, and States can learn from each other and help each other.” She noted that several States currently have independent orbital launch capability (Russia, United States, Europe, Japan, China, India, Israel, Iran, South Korea, North Korea), and the first six of those are competing in the commercial market. The US (Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin), Europe (Airbus), United Kingdom, Spain, others have reusable launch vehicles in development (both sub-orbital and orbital). And several countries are considering legislation or national frameworks for commercial sub-orbital launch (human space flight), orbital launch, and launch sites. Mr Stefano Ferretti, European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) Resident Fellow, asked, “Are we on the verge of sub-orbital flights?” Within three SPACE X PHOTO ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 4 201715Space 2017 addressed elements related to the process toward UNISPACE+50 and beyond: Legal regulatory mechanisms under international air law and space law to ensure safe and sustainable operation of civil aviation; suborbital operations, and space activities; Air traffic management and future space traffic management; Assessing capacity-building needs. These are also relevant to the long-term perspective toward Space2030, which will connect space governance with the global agendas for development. The core pillars of space economy, space society, space accessibility and space diplomacy will define the outputs for considering space as a tool for sustainable development. SIERRA NEVADA CORPORATION PHOTO Under the UNOOSA Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI), the United Nations “Dream Chaser” Mission will provide member countries, especially developing countries, the opportunity to fly payloads for applications such as microgravity science, remote earth sensing, and space hardware qualification MOHAMMED BIN RASHID (MBR) ‘GLOBAL AVIATION AWARD’ PROVIDE A PLATFORM TO CONNECT AND IMPROVE RELATIONS WITH LEAST DEVELOPED STATES (LDS). STATE WITH MOST IMPROVED QUALITY OF AVIATION. INFRASTRUCTURE OUTSTANDING GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY AWARD. OUTSTANDING RESOURCE CONTRIBUTION TO ICAO PROGRAMS. OUTSTANDING INTERNATIONAL CO - OPERATION PROGRAM AVIATION PERSONALITY OF TRIENNIUM. INNOVATION AWARD (ENCOMPASSING AVATION SAFETY, SECURITY, SUSTAINABILITY, PASSENGER EXPERIENCE). SUPPORT THE ICAO OBJECTIVE OF INCREASED GLOBAL CONNECTIVITY. SUPPORT THE “GLOBAL AVIATION PLAN FOR DEVELOPMENT”. PROMOTE INNOVATION AND LIBERALIZATION ACROSS THE INDUSTRY GLOBALLY. AWARD OBJECTIVES AWARD CATEGORIES LAILA ALI BIN HAREB AL MEHEIRI ASST. DIRECTOR GENERAL STRATEGY & INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS laila.hareb@gcaa.gov.ae REPORT | SPACE 2017RPAS 2017 & DRONE ENABLE EVENTS EMPHASIZE GLOBAL FRAMEWORK EVENTS SECOND GLOBAL REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM (RPAS 2017) 19-21 September 2017, Montréal, Canada DRONE ENABLE, ICAO’S UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (UAS) INDUSTRY SYMPOSIUM 22-23 September 2017, Montréal, Canada HOST International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) OUTCOMES Recognition of the need for an international regulatory framework ICAO needs to be the focal point, ensure global harmonization, standardization Unregulated operations in complex environments are resulting in aviation safety risks Harmonized categorization can assist in addressing regulatory challenges Collaboration by all is crucial “Literally thousands of small drones are being sold daily, and these are deeply diverse in their characteristics and features,” ICAO Council President Dr Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu told the licensing authorities, regulators and industry representatives gathered in Montréal for the 2nd Global Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Symposium (RPAS 2017). “We are already seeing new businesses and humanitarian operations leveraging these technologies and the opportunities they offer. This is occurring in ways that we had not envisioned even just a decade ago, and this evolution and innovation will only continue as more and more people allow their imaginations to take off, literally and figuratively.” Dr Aliu stressed the importance of a globally coherent regulatory framework for the management of unmanned air traffic as well as the complexity of this task and the need to place safety first. “States are facing increasing pressure to open the door widely for unmanned aircraft, and while their socio-economic benefits seem clear, we must avoid the tendency to rush headlong into unmanned aircraft system operational frameworks which have not benefited from all due diligence and the careful regard required for existing airspace users.” ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 4 201717 REPORT | AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENTNext >