< PreviousSOUTH AMERICAN LIMA, PERU SAM Council President Awards to Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay for improving their EI USAOP › 2018 goal to increase EI to 80% and begin SSP implementation 2018: Technical assistance from CAAi to Suriname, in need of a new civil aviation act to provide a proper government civil aviation organization Recent Highlights relating to Projects, Statistics and Events in the ICAO Regions ICAO maintains seven Regional Offices to provide closer support and coordination for Member States. Their areas of general responsibility include Air Navigation Functions, Air Transport Functions, Technical Co-operation Functions, Legal, Aviation Security, and close co-operation with the regional bodies to ensure harmony in the development of the international air transport system as a whole, REGIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS 38 | ICAO JOURNAL | ISSUE 1 | 2019 NO COUNTRY LEFT BEHINDNORTH AMERICAN CENTRAL AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN MEXICO CITY, MEXICO MIDDLE EAST CAIRO, EGYPT EUROPE AND NORTH ATLANTIC PARIS, FRANCE HEADQUARTERS MONTRÉAL, QUÉBEC, CANADA NACC MID EUR / NAT Commitment from all Member States signing the Declaration of Intent for implementing the NACC No Country Left Behind strategy › Eight new States received NCLB Technical Assistance Missions › Three States achieved an NCLB EI over 80% Airport certification at 51% (77 aerodromes) – 20 airports initiated (20 more expected for 2018) Achieved targeted MEVA II Communications Network availability Initiated and received support concerning “Champion States” to help other NACC States Runway Safety Teams implemented in 5 States (7 more expected in 2018) 13 States updated their USOAP Corrective Action Plans (CAPs) ADS-C / Controller Pilot Data Link Communication implemented in the Central America Pacific area by COCESNA 2018: Initial development of the Regional Accident Investigation Group within the Caribbean region 2018: Regional leadership of Performance-Based Navigation, Air Traffic Flow Management, and Search and Rescue Resolution of 3 SSCs Dedicated missions to support 9 States on the EUR list of air navigation deficiencies › At end of 1 st Phase, 5 have rectified deficiencies Established and trained a network of PANS-OPS experts to provide sustainable oversight capability › 106 PBN experts / national inspectors trained in Phases 1 and 2 Supported 5 States in development of effective local Runway Safety Teams Supporting States in preparation and update of their Environmental Action Plans Endorsement of the Muscat Declaration and MID Region NCLB Strategy › Regional EI increased to 70.5% Convened the NCLB Aerodrome Certification / Workshop › Aerodrome certification increased to 58% With GAT, convened the 1 st ATM Inspectors Course – 17 inspectors completed the course 4 AVSEC assistance missions –5 trained Safety Management for Practitioners Course – 6 participants from 4 States 2018: Establishment of MID Flight Procedure Programme in Lebanon 2018: Establishment of MENA RSOO 2018; Support NCLB Plan of Action, including possible implementation of capacity-building projects for States such as Iraq, Libya, Yemen NO COUNTRY LEFT BEHIND www.ICAO.int | 39ASIA AND PACIFIC BANGKOK, THAILAND EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICAN NAIROBI, KENYA WESTERN AND CENTRAL AFRICAN DAKAR, SENEGAL APAC ESAF WACAF Combined Action Team (CAT) missions to 8 States to help improve USOAP Effective Implementation (EI) scores › Within one year, 5 States improved EI to above 60% (GASP target) › SSC status of two APAC States resolved Special Implementation Project (SIP) focused on common training needs IPAV VF Assistance Missions using volunteer professionals Technical assistance mission to Pacific Island States, training in AGA and Aerodrome Certification Aviation Security Implementation Plans (ASIPs) commenced through the Aviation Security Training Centre (ASTC) Network › 99 participants from 19 APAC Member States attended ASTC training activities Coordinated Forum on RSOOs for Global Aviation Safety and Ministerial meeting that adopted: › Global Strategy and Action Plan for the improvement of RSOOs › Ezulwini Declaration on RSOOs in Africa › establishment of a Global Aviation Safety Oversight System (GASOS) Coordinated endorsement of the Windhoek Declaration and targets on Aviation Security and Facilitation by the AU Summit Coordinated SECFAL projects in travel document authenticity and legal instrument ratification Performed 6 security assistance missions › EI above 65% increased to 7 ESAF States Provided assistance through 16 Regional Office Safety Teams to 65% of accredited States › States with safety above EI increased from 10 to 12 (average safety in Region increased to 49.81%) Aerodrome certification increased to 51% RPAS workshop in Rwanda attended by 62 participants from 11 States Convened SAR workshop / training in Nairobi Convened Regional Ministerial Conference on Aviation Security in Africa and the Middle East › Endorsed GASeP: Global Aviation Security Plan Established 1 st AVSECAL group Endorsed new Asia and Pacific Aviation Security Roadmap to align national and regional programmes Assistance to 6 States in SSP gap analysis Potential SSPs addressed by timely intervention of Regional Office Safety Team missions Resolved three SSeCs and prevented emergence of six new SSeCs WACAF States with tailored ICAO Plans of Action increased to 23 Assisted 4 States in certification of international aerodromes Collaborated with AFCAC and African Union Commission organizing High-Level Search and Rescue Conference › Adoption of Lomé Declaration on SAR and Action Plan Coordination meeting to facilitate implementation of 36 RNAV routes Supported IWAF / 3 in Abuja › Declaration and Framework for Plan of Action for Development of Aviation Infrastructure in Africa Promoted Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) and Yamoussoukoro Decision on Air Transport Liberalization › Declaration of Solemn Commitment increased to 14 States ASIA AND PACIFIC SUB-OFFICE BEIJING, CHINA 40 | ICAO JOURNAL | ISSUE 1 | 2019 NO COUNTRY LEFT BEHINDExperts from around the world discussed risk awareness, security culture, technology and innovation, quality control and oversight and capacity building. || SECURITY & FACILITATION || EVENT AVIATION SECURITY WEEK 26-30 November 2018 ICAO Headquarters, Montréal, Québec, Canada Inaugural Industry Engagement Day Global Aviation Security Symposium (AVSEC2018) Second High-Level Conference on Aviation Security (HLCAS/2) PARTICIPANTS More than 500 delegates representing 107 countries and 22 international organizations. OUTCOMES The security of global air transport operations took important steps forward with a series of new agreements and recommendations. AVIATION SECURITY WEEK CONFRONTS THREATS “The present threat environment is more dynamic, diverse, and challenging than ever before,” declared Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu, President of the ICAO Council. He tasked participants to the 2 nd High-Level Security Conference with defining security measures which are effective, efficient, operationally viable, and economically sustainable, recognizing the important need to assess the impacts of any considered measures on air transport’s much more prevalent low-risk passengers. AVSEC www.ICAO.int | 41 SECURITY & FACILITATIONRISK AWARENESS A viable national or local risk assessment must be based on an accurate and up-to-date threat assessment. However, information sharing is often hampered by dissemination restrictions invoked by intelligence agencies. Participants explored the necessary level of detail to be shared between States and with industry, the conduits for sharing this information, and acceptable data protection measures. SECURITY CULTURE Robust application of enhanced security measures depend on engagement of front-line employees. Concerns about the ‘insider threat’ highlight the potentially negative implications of providing detailed information to an employee who has been corrupted. Participants discussed the positive and negative consequences of disseminating threat information to all employees involved in aviation. TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION The aviation security regime is highly reliant on technology solutions to ensure accurate, expedient threat detection but specific data are often highly classified. This impedes the ability of manufacturers to ensure new technology that can provide the necessary detection capabilities. Experts discussed current constraints affecting rapid development and possible solutions. QUALITY CONTROL AND OVERSIGHT Because of the interconnected nature of commercial aviation, shortfalls in one airport could be exploited by a malefactor, resulting in an attack on another State. Participants debated the establishment of a stronger aviation security oversight regime so that effective countermeasures can be implemented more comprehensively to protect each State’s citizens. CAPACITY BUILDING The GASeP implementation targets reflect increasingly more robust levels of security over the next 12 years. These goals can only be realized through partnerships between contributing and recipient Member States. Participants explored how such arrangements can be brokered and the information exchange that must ensue. IMPLEMENTING THE GASeP Following an accelerated development and review process, the Global Aviation Security Plan (GASeP) provides foundations for a global aviation security framework. ICAO Regional Offices held aviation security conferences and tailored Roadmaps were developed to guide achievement of GASeP’s aims and objectives. Member State and Industry representatives discussed observations and experiences during their implementation activities. Dr. Aliu included threats from insiders; remotely-piloted aircraft systems (RPAS); chemical, biological and radiological (CBR) attacks; and cybersecurity vulnerabilities as key areas of aviation security concern. ICAO Secretary General Dr. Fang Liu underscored that “ICAO, its Member States, the industry and our other partners are addressing the threat to civil aviation with great determination, ambition, and unity of purpose.” She focused on the importance of striking a balance between the effectiveness of security measures and their impacts on the air transport customer base, noting that “from the consumers’ standpoint, it is nothing short of vital that we address security risks with solutions which pose a minimum of passenger or shipper inconvenience. Any other approach will not be sustainable.” The Symposium and Conference assembled senior government officials and invited representatives of international / regional organizations and other invited aviation stakeholders to formulate recommendations on key aviation security priorities and issues. They considered progress on the implementation of the Global Aviation Security Plan (GASeP) and potential adjustments to the Plan based on the outcomes of the regional aviation security conferences organized in 2017- 2018. These recommendations will be submitted for approval to the Council for subsequent endorsement by the 40th Session of the Assembly in 2019. A series of pre-Symposium events – including an Industry Engagement Day in collaboration with ACI World and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) – featured workshops, presentations and table-top exercises to stimulate AVSEC2018 plenary discussions. You can view the presentations on the Uniting Aviation blog: http://bit.ly/2E05bN3 #AVSEC2018 KEY THEMES Each session’s topic aligned with one of the Global Aviation Security Plan (GASeP) priority outcomes and provided an opportunity for extensive delegate participation and exchange of implementation case studies and experiences. 42 | ICAO JOURNAL | ISSUE 1 | 2019 SECURITY & FACILITATION1. AVIATION SECURITY THREAT AND RISK CONTEXT DISCUSSION The Conference took stock of the latest developments in the threat environment faced by the international civil aviation network, with a particular look at improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and the insider threat. Failing to implement robust and sustainable measures aimed at mitigating the risk associated with the insider threat compromises the aviation security system in its entirety by enabling the circumventing of airport security measures. Employees remain the first layer of defence against suspicious activities within aviation premises. As they play a key role in mitigating the threat through their commitment to aviation security, their vigilance and overall security awareness. Some participants cautioned against an overly prescriptive approach and called for more risk-based and outcomes- focused measures to combat the threat. RECOMMENDATIONS a) States refer to the ICAO Global RCS as a useful tool to assist stakeholders in developing evidence-based risk assessments and in identifying possible mitigating actions; b) the ICAO Council, taking into consideration the advice from its Aviation Security Panel, expedite the development of strengthened Standards and Recommended Practices in Annex 17 to deal with the insider threat, based on a multi-layered approach; c) States and industry ensure the effective implementation of regulatory measures aimed at addressing the insider threat; d) States and industry promote an effective security culture among their aviation workforce and raise public awareness to help further address the insider threat; and e) States enter into collaborative arrangements for sharing security information about threats, risks and vulnerabilities in order to enhance the effectiveness of aviation security measures, address security gaps at the national, regional and global level, and avoid unilateral and/or uncoordinated implementation of security measures. 2. FUTURE APPROACHES TO MANAGING AVIATION SECURITY RISKS DISCUSSION Potential cyber-attacks on air traffic management, aircraft, and airports remain a concern within the aviation community. The Conference supported the development of an ICAO Global Cybersecurity Strategy. In addition, State representatives discussed ICAO infrastructure for addressing cybersecurity, currently dealt with by the Secretariat Study Group on Cybersecurity (SSGC). States noted the importance of outcomes- based security measures, with innovation focusing on the security output rather than prescriptive Standards. However, there must be some performance indicators to measure progress on meeting Standards that concentrate more on the end results rather than the security practice. A well-trained workforce is instrumental to protecting aviation security targets from attack. Essential to building human capability is the implementation of a robust security culture. A reporting system that allows staff to confidentially and safely report possible gaps in the security system or suspicious activities should be embedded in every entity in the air transport arena. RECOMMENDATIONS a) ICAO and Member States should continue to develop risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities within their aviation security systems and implement the most effective security measures to mitigate threats; b) ICAO, Member States, and industry organizations should continue to develop a comprehensive Cybersecurity Strategy as well as mechanisms to identify and manage risk, including the sharing of appropriate information related to cybersecurity; c) ICAO should commence a feasibility study for the establishment of a Cybersecurity Panel, without delaying the ongoing work of the Secretariat Study Group on Cybersecurity; d) ICAO, Member States, and industry organizations should ensure existing training remains up-to-date with aviation security best practices and technological advancements. e) States develop security culture and security awareness programmes using best practices and tools that reflect their unique operating environments. 3. GLOBAL AVIATION SECURITY PLAN (GASeP) DISCUSSION Note was taken on the current level of implementation reported by ICAO, which indicated a need for a much stronger effort by Member States to achieve aspirational global targets established by the GASeP. The Conference also deliberated on the future evolution of the Plan, recognizing a number of Annex 9/Facilitation and Annex 17/Security provisions related to border facilitation that are mutually complementary. There was support for regional initiatives and mechanisms designed to ensure the successful implementation of the region- specific roadmaps. Delegates noted the shared experiences concerning implementation of the GASeP in States. These include coordination between authorities and operators, innovation in liquids screening technology, electronic security management systems, and checkpoint operator performance monitoring systems. DISCUSSION HIGHLIGHTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS HLCAS/2 – 2 ND HIGH-LEVEL CONFERENCE ON AVIATION SECURITY www.ICAO.int | 43 SECURITY & FACILITATIONEfforts by ICAO to implement targeted assistance to address identified security deficiencies within Member States, as well as capacity-building by the aviation industry, were supported. Support was expressed for the essential role played by the Universal Security Audit Programme – Continuous Monitoring Approach (USAP-CMA) in enabling the successful implementation of the GASeP and in building and maintaining confidence in the global aviation security system. RECOMMENDATIONS a) continued efforts are made by States to implement the GASeP and its associated Roadmap towards achieving the aspirational global goal of 80 per cent of audited States achieving the minimum level of 65 per cent EI by 2020; b) ICAO map existing capacity-building resources and providers, on-going and planned capacity-building activities, so as to have a comprehensive overview of the situation; c) subsequent iterations of the GASeP promote a longer-term vision of ensuring strengthened security, timely sharing of aviation security information, increased operational efficiency, in part by drawing upon relevant components from Annex 9/Facilitation; and d) a holistic review of the objectives and methodology of the USAP, including the indicators used to report audit results, for decision by the 40th Session of the Assembly. 4. ACHIEVING BETTER SYNERGIES WITH OTHER AREAS DISCUSSION A complementary approach in security, safety and border control was strongly encouraged, both within ICAO and on the State level. Cooperation between different State authorities is extremely important and exists in many States, even when not formalized. Integrating border facilitation elements into aviation security requires further investigation; consideration should be given to possible legal constraints related to the sharing of information between different State authorities. The Conference recognized the importance of efforts by ICAO and its Member States to implement United Nations (UN) Security Council resolution 2309 (2016). Advance Passenger Information (API) data and Passenger Name Records (PNR) data have proven to play an important role in combatting terrorism. Due consideration should be given to the protection of fundamental rights of passengers in the collection, processing, analysis and sharing of personal data. RECOMMENDATIONS a) ICAO explore ways in which the relationship between aviation security, safety and facilitation can be strengthened, including the relationship between the Aviation Security Panel and the Facilitation Panel; b) ICAO and its Member States continue to collaborate with the United Nations agencies involved in counter-terrorism; and c) further consideration be given to how passenger information can be better used to inform, assist, and support aviation security objectives. 5. ENSURING SUSTAINABILITY OF SECURITY MEASURES DISCUSSION There was overwhelming support by the Conference for ICAO to establish parity between aviation security and safety within the ICAO organizational structure. Many delegates supported the proposal to conduct a feasibility study to determine options for establishing an Aviation Security and Facilitation Bureau under a zero nominal growth budget. Collaboration will help find new ways of mitigating security risks to civil aviation, and facilitate the sharing of relevant information, including on threats to aviation, wherever possible. More attention should be given to the protection of information to be shared. Delegates noted the benefits of implementing One-Stop Security, including increased efficiency and more effective use of resources. However, delegates cautioned that States should ensure that they establish a robust monitoring and oversight regime that appropriately guarantees effectiveness and sustainability. Although some delegates recognized the benefits of focusing on outcomes-based security standards, many States stressed that baseline Standards, which tend to be more prescriptive by nature, should not be overlooked. RECOMMENDATIONS a) The proposed feasibility study should consider the extent to which this could contribute to the enhancement of ICAO’s practical aviation security capability and should be completed in sufficient time for the Council to review it and make a decision prior to the 40th Assembly; b) ICAO ensure the sustainability of aviation security funding in accordance with applicable Assembly Resolutions, recognizing that increased contributions by States in the next triennium, whether regular budget or voluntary, whether financial or in-kind, will further enhance the Organization’s leadership in global aviation security matters; c) ICAO, States and industry continue to assess the suitability of outcomes- focused approaches, where appropriate, in accordance with the specific regulatory language contained in Annex 17 – Security and the Aviation Security Manual (Doc 8973); and d) encourage States to enter into collaborative arrangements and implement One-Stop Security arrangements in order to increase the sustainability of the aviation security system. THE NEED TO KNOW ICAO AVSEC 2018 Global Aviation Security Symposium 44 | ICAO JOURNAL | ISSUE 1 | 2019 SECURITY & FACILITATIONFAST-GROWING ASIA & PACIFIC STATES NEED CERTAINTY, INVESTMENT || REGIONAL COLLABORATION || EVENT 55 TH CONFERENCE OF DIRECTORS GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION (DGCA), ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION 22-26 October 2018 Denarau Island, Nadi, Fiji HOST The Honourable Mr. Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum, Attorney General and Minister for Civil Aviation, Fiji PARTICIPANTS 300 delegates from 41 States: regional directors general and chief executive officers of civil aviation, international organisations, industry partners, stakeholders and observer countries outside the region THEME Collaboration and Harmonisation for a Safe, Secure and Sustainable Aviation in the Asia Pacific Region The tremendous growth in air transport in the Asia Pacific Region “also constitutes significant challenges,” Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu, ICAO Council President, advised the directors general. “Your Region remains the world’s largest in terms of the total percentage of global traffic being managed with more than a third of all commercial flights occurring here each year. Air traffic volumes are also growing faster here – at close to 11 per cent annually, more than anywhere else in the world.” “This growth,” he emphasised, “needs to be managed safely, efficiently and securely” – citing the ICAO Global Plan for Aviation Safety (GASP), the Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP), and the new Global Plan for Aviation Security (GASeP), which set out key expectations, priorities and targets for States in each area of strategic concern. Dr. Aliu noted that, as of a year ago, the APAC Region has a detailed GASeP Roadmap, adopted at the ICAO Asia and Pacific Regional Security Conference. “A sustained level of secure and safe civil aviation operation contributes toward preventing human, economic, financial and other losses. And a strengthened aviation security provides a more conducive environment for economic growth and development.” The Council President advised, “Much of what we are discussing in terms of our key strategic objectives for this Region will require your States to directly invest in, or attract financing for, the modernised infrastructure and technologies being targeted.” He added, “It’s also very important that success requires certainty, and that investor certainty in air transport is greatly dependent on local regulatory stability. Shifting regulatory goalposts – especially concerning economic provisions which can have major adverse impacts on a proposed project’s financial models and targeted returns – are exactly the sorts of risks which the investors you may be seeking are trained to avoid.” A list of 47 action items arising from the conference included: To support the ICAO Asia/Pacific SWIM Task Force and related demonstrations; To actively share experiences on civil- military cooperation, not only limited to efficiency matters but also to safety management; To remain engaged with ICAO on the development of the Global Aviation Safety Oversight System (GASOS); Adoption of a holistic approach to unmanned aircraft (UA) integration and regulation; To implement the ICAO TRIP Strategy in order to achieve enhanced aviation security and to prevent the movement of potentially inadmissible persons; To cooperate with ICAO and among States to further the development of their State Action Plan on CO2 emissions reduction from international aviation; To nominate suitable young aviation professionals for the remaining scholarships and fellowships specially set aside for the Region under the Singapore-ICAO Programme for Young Aviation Professionals (PYAP). DGCA APAC www.ICAO.int | 45 REGIONAL COLLABORATIONICAO Secretary Dr. Fang Liu pointed out that the efforts of ICAO’s Combined Action Teams (CAT), led by Asia and Pacific Director Mr. Arun Mishra and the Bangkok Regional Office, have led to a number of States exceeding the current global average for Effective Implementation (EI) of ICAO’s Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) and have also improved States’ ability to make use of and benefit from the Continuous Monitoring Approach (CMA) Online Framework (OLF). “I have been very encouraged by the continuing success of the Regional Office’s CAT initiative,” she said, noting eight such missions delivered in 2017 and another nine in 2018. Five CAT-visited APAC States improved their EI score to above 60 per cent in 2017 and two others resolved persistent Significant Safety Concerns (SSCs). Nonetheless, “we still have some work ahead of us,” she cautioned. The current average USOAP score for States in APAC is 61.96 per cent, below the world average of 66.27 per cent. Also, 14 States in the Region have EI scores below the minimum target of 60 per cent. The lowest EI category in the region is in the area of “qualified personnel.” Dr. Liu encouraged: “Programmes should be initiated as soon as possible to augment the skills and numbers of APAC’s qualified safety inspectors.” She also highlighted the importance of certifying all international airports by 2020, implementing the APAC Seamless ATM Plan, and putting in place State Safety Programmes (SSPs) by 2025 to fulfil the commitments of the Beijing Declaration. The Secretary General announced to the delegates that the ground work is almost completed on a feasibility study (requested at the 39th ICAO Assembly) to determine the current challenges and needs of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) with respect to aviation safety, air navigation and aviation security. She stated, “The study will begin to be implemented soon by a group of international experts.” On the sidelines of the conference, Dr. Liu held meetings with local Fiji authorities, States and Regional bodies, including a meeting with the Solicitor General and Permanent Secretary of Fiji, Mr. Sharvada Sharma, in which she discussed the ongoing developments of civil aviation in Fiji and emphasised the importance of investment in civil aviation infrastructure which has direct positive impact on the economy. Dr. Liu also met the CEO of Fiji Airways (Mr. Andre Viljoen) and the Executive Director of Airports of Fiji (Mr. Faiz Kahn) and visited the Nadi International Airport – the first airport in the South Pacific to receive Level 1 Airport Carbon Accreditation. The 56th DGCA Conference of Asia and Pacific Regions will be held 19-23 August 2019, hosted by Nepal. ICAO Secretary General Dr. Fang Liu (centre left) honoured the professionalism shown by Anthonius Gunawan Agung, a young man who sacrificed his life to ensure the safety of a flight of passengers while performing his duties as an air traffic controller during the recent earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia. She presented a plaque to an AirNav Indonesia representative, who accepted it on behalf of the family of Mr. Agung. Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu, ICAO Council President (right) with Fiji Attorney General and Minister of Civil Aviation, The Honourable Mr. Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum. 46 | ICAO JOURNAL | ISSUE 1 | 2019 REGIONAL COLLABORATIONEMPOWERING AVIATION LEADERS OF TODAY AND TOMORROW The internationally-recognised Singapore Aviation Academy has trained more than 120,000 aviation professionals from over 200 countries and territories since 1958. Take the lead with us. saa.caas.gov.sgsaa @ caas.gov.sgfacebook.com/SingaporeAviationAcademy CELEBRATING 60 YEARS OF ENGAGING AVIATION MINDSNext >