< PreviousXXXXX18 ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 3 2016GLOBAL MARKET-BASED MEASUREOPTIONS FOR STATES THAT PARTICIPATE IN THE PILOT PHASEFor the Pilot Phase, each participating State could choose the basis of calculating their operator’s offsetting requirements from two options: (1) either the operator’s emissions in a given year (i.e., 2021, 2022 and 2023), or (2) the operator’s emissions referring back to a single year of 2020.SCOPE OF EXEMPTIONS FOR THE SECOND PHASEExemptions will be defined for Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs). Exemptions to additional States would be defined on the basis of an individual share of international aviation activities in RTKs (revenue tonne kilometres) in year 2018 below 0.5 per cent of total RTKs or cumulative share of 90 percent RTKs.Exempted States, nonetheless, are encouraged to participate voluntarily.REVIEW OF THE PHASED IMPLEMENTATIONThe periodic review of the CORSIA will take place every three years starting in 2022, which will allow the ICAO Council to make informed decisions on whether it is necessary to make adjustments to the next phases.DYNAMIC APPROACH FOR DISTRIBUTION OF OFFSETTING REQUIREMENTSThe proposed approach for the distribution of offsetting requirements considers that for the pilot and first phases, as well as the first compliance cycle of the second phase (2021 through 2029), a 100 percent sectoral rate and 0 percent individual rate would be applied. From the second compliance cycle of the second phase, at least a 20 percent individual rate would be applied from 2030 to 2032 and at least a 70 percent individual rate from 2033 to 2035.BASELINE EMISSIONS FOR CALCULATION OF OFFSETTING REQUIREMENTSThe draft Assembly Resolution defines the baseline for the calculation of offsetting requirements as the average of emissions covered by CORSIA in 2019 and 2020.OTHER ISSUESWork in the areas of Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV), Emissions Unit Criteria (EUC), and Registries will continue after the Assembly, and technical material will be developed by the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP).The draft Assembly Resolution states that the CORSIA or any other proposal decided by the Assembly is to be the market-based measure applying to CO2 emissions from international aviation. “No one will benefit if the end result of this process is an acrimonious and inefficient patchwork of local emissions regimes,” said ICAO Council President Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu.A ROBUST CONSULTATIVE PROCESSThe proposed Assembly Resolution represents three years of intensive efforts by hundreds of aviation leaders and subject experts following the 38th Assembly.As a starting point in this process, the Environment Advisory Group (EAG) established by the ICAO Council held 15 meetings from March 2014 and – supported by the CAEP – developed a “strawman” proposal with a set of technical analyses and ultimately a draft Assembly Resolution was presented at EAG/15 in January 2016.ICAO’s Global MBM High-Level Group , established to facilitate the convergence of views and further refine the draft Assembly Resolution text, met in February and April 2016, followed by a High-Level Meeting in May 2016.In addition, in terms of global awareness and outreach, Global Aviation Dialogues (GLADs) were conducted by ICAO in April 2015 and March-April 2016, covering all world regions. Their objective was to share information regarding MBMs and their role in the basket of measures to address CO2 emissions from international aviation, as well as provide opportunities to receive feedback from Member States and relevant organizations.Finally, the FOTP Meeting considered the new approach for the phased implementation resulting from the bilateral and multilateral consultations by States related to the draft Assembly Resolution text, as well as the issues and language to operationalize the approach.CORSIA IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGESCORSIA will be the first global MBM to be implemented by a major industrial sector. In order to overcome related challenges, a thorough strategy for assistance and capacity building is being envisaged to support States, in particular those developing States requiring assistance for its expeditious implementation.More information on the global MBM can be found on the ICAO web site. “We have been diligent to ensure that the global MBM is suitably flexible in its requirements and application to mitigate emissions, while not adversely impacting aviation and economic development objectives in air transport markets.”– Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard AliuICAO Council PresidentXXXXX ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 3 2016 19GLOBAL AVIATION MINISTERIAL SUMMITAt the invitation of the Government, Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu, visited Delhi, India for three days in August to undertake high-level bilateral meetings with government and aviation officials. The ICAO Council President met with Mr. Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, India’s Minister of Civil Aviation, Mr. Jayant Sinha, its Minister of State for Civil Aviation, and the Permanent Secretary in the Civil Aviation Ministry, Mr. Rajeev Nayan Choubey. President Aliu was also provided with a detailed presentation on India’s civil aviation sector by the country’s Civil Aviation Ministry Permanent Secretary and Senior Officials. He was accompanied by ICAO’s Regional Director for the Asia and Pacific (APAC) Region, Mr. Arun Mishra, the President of the ICAO Council.Dr. Aliu highlighted that ICAO sees India as a key player in the APAC region and that its contributions to ICAO have been very valuable. India was one of the earliest members of the International Civil Aviation Organization. The President lauded India’s achievements with its GAGAN satellite-based navigation system, as well as its civil / military aviation cooperation and Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM). Minister Raju said it was a "very useful" meeting on "furthering India's interests in the global aviation sector." Following his meeting with the Minister and Permanent Secretary respectively in India’s Ministry of Environment and Forests, Anil Madhav Dave and Ajay Narain Jha, Dr. Aliu noted the importance of their discussions on a Global Market-Based Measure (MBM) for aviation emissions. The ICAO President observed that India played a very significant role in the positive outcome of the COP/21 talks in Paris. He also appreciated the ambition displayed in India’s climate actions under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Dr. Aliu expressed his expectation that India would continue to work toward positive consensus through ICAO on the global MBM for international flight emissions and support the MBM resolution in the 39th Assembly.Minister Raju has said that India is recording the fastest growth in the civil aviation sector in the world at 20%. Reiterating India’s prioritization of the aviation global MBM, Minister Dave emphasized concern that as a developing nation the scheme should not hinder the aspirations of the Indian people to continue maximizing the significant economic benefits of global air transport connectivity. He reiterated his Government’s commitment to work with ICAO and other Member States in order to resolve an MBM design borne out of consensus which adequately addresses the interest of all States. HIGH-LEVEL MEETING IN INDIA GENERATES MBM SUPPORTICAO Council President Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu (centre right) with India’s Minister of Civil Aviation Mr. Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati (centre left), and its State Minister for Civil Aviation Mr. Jayant Sinha (second from left). Accompanying the dignitaries are ICAO’s Regional Director for its Asia and Pacific Office in Bangkok, Mr. Arun Mishra (second from right), India’s Representative to the ICAO Council, Mr. Alok Shekhar (far right), and India’s Permanent Secretary in the Civil Aviation Ministry, Mr. Rajeev Nayan Choubey (far left).Noting India’s near-perfect scores on its recent ICAO Aviation Security Audit, President Aliu highlighted that India’s success could also benefit other States in the Region through greater collaboration and sharing of both security and safety best practices. “ICAO would greatly appreciate India’s consideration to enhance its leadership role in the APAC Region by providing technical assistance to its neighbouring countries to further the ICAO No Country Left Behind initiative,” the President remarked. “And I would also urge Indian experts to fully participate in the ongoing technical work of ICAO, both at the Regional level as well as at ICAO Headquarters.”President Aliu observed that while India has made significant progress in all the fields of civil aviation, further work was required in the areas of personnel training, airports, and accident investigation, in addition to improved regulatory oversight in the air navigation services (ANS) domain.LEVERAGING INDIA’S SUCCESSXXXXX20 ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 3 2016AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT20 ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 3 2016“ The general perception in the aviation insurance market is that Remote Towers is a step forward. Remote technologies will improve aviation safety and reduce costs. However, insurers want harmonization of regulations.”Roger Sethsson, Head of Aerospace Aviation, Inter Hannover“ An important step for safe, secure, environmentally friendly unmanned aircraft operations is respecting the privacy of the citizens.”Eric Sivel, European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) “ UAS will be major aerial actors tomorrow. The aviation world has to integrate newcomers, with a start-up culture rather than an aviation culture. Whatever the regulation, let them fly safely with a proportionate and realistic approach ... because they will fly anyway.”Muriel Preux, France DGACRPAS AND REMOTE ATS SYMPOSIUMThe ICAO Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems and Remote Air Traffic Services Symposium in Stockholm, Sweden, in May was held to advance the understanding of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) and remote air traffic services (R-ATS) with a specific focus on ways to address the challenges and make best use of the opportunities availed by these parallel, cutting-edge technologies.Here are highlights of remarks by some of the more than 30 expert speakers and panelists. “ Drone technology is disruptive for both business and for regulators. We need to move from an aircraft-centric to an operation-centric approach. Common rules, but local application. The starting point is to focus on the particular risk of a particular type of operation.”Koen De Vos, Senior Drone Expert, European Commission“ Innovation starts on the flight deck, at the control position and on the tarmac. People using the tools are the first to know how they can be improved.”Stephen P. Creamer, Director of the Air Navigation Bureau, ICAO“ Taking advantage of accelerated technological improvements, both RPAS and ATS programmes have the potential to dramatically improve aviation efficiency and safety. But as technology accelerates, how fast can the culture really keep up? How do we effectively manage safety?”Doug Davis, Northrop Grumman, representing Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO)“ What we are trying to achieve has one big common element. That is, how do we replace perception from the human eye with technology?”Dr. Ruth Stilwell, Aerospace Policy SolutionsRemote control tower, Bristol UK (NATS photo)XXXXX ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 3 2016 21The Solar Impulse 2 aircraft – the first electric airplane powered only by solar energy – took 13 years to plan and develop and 23 total days of flight to journey 43,041 kilometres around the world. The International Civil Aviation Organization is an Institutional and Aeronautical Partner for Solar Impulse 2, aligned with ICAO’s Strategic Objective to reduce emissions from international civil aviation activity using a multi-faceted approach.In the pre-dawn of 26 July 2016, the Solar Impulse 2 aircraft landed at Al Bateen Executive Airport in Abu Dhabi on the final leg from Cairo.SOLAR IMPULSE 2 TEAM COMPLETES “IMPOSSIBLE”ROUND-THE-WORLD ZERO-FUEL FLIGHTSwiss aviation pioneers André Borschberg (left) and Bertrand Piccard. SI2 initiator, chairman, and pilot Piccard developed the vision and outreach to promote clean technologies. Borschberg assembled the team that designed the Solar Impulse 2 aircraft and organized the flight missions. They alternated flying the 17 legs of the round-the-world flight.All images copyright Solar ImpulseSUSTAINABLE AVIATION22 ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 3 2016“The same clean technologies used on Solar Impulse could be implemented on the ground in our daily life to divide by two the CO2 emissions in a profitable way.” – Bertrand Piccard. For more information on their #FutureIsClean initiative, visit www.futureisclean.org.The Mission Control Centre in Monaco erupts in celebration on completion of the final flight. Their message: “Take It Further!” Borschberg said, “By capitalizing on the engineering skills and expertise gained over the past decade, we will continue to work to encourage concrete innovations and disruptive solutions.”“ The Solar Impulse 2 project clearly demonstrates that renewable energies and efficient technologies offer tangible solutions to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals.”– Jane Hupe, Deputy Director, Environment, ICAO Air Transport BureauCaptain Piccard and his wife, Michèlle, prior to departure of the final flight leg from Egypt....bridging the continents...uu 24As the Minister of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications, I would like to summarize the facts and figures about our civil aviation sector which has been booming since 2003.Considering the multiplier effect of civil aviation on the growth of national economies by virtue of its supranational characteristics, we have adopted a number of measures over the last 13 years, the first of which was the opening of our domestic market to competition. Today, Turkish civil aviation can be said to have truly taken off thanks to these measures. We are very keen to continue and improve the vision of the Prime Minister Mr. Binali Yıldırım with the following motto which is “EVERY TURKISH CITIZEN WILL FLY AT LEAST ONCE – THE AIRWAYS WILL BE THE PUBLIC WAY”This vision came true as passenger, cargo, and aircraft traffic have increased nearly fivefold over this period. This growth still continues at rates higher than the world averages.The Turkish Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), which is of essential importance to the standards-compliant functioning of civil aviation activities, was restructured in 2005, and was made independent and given its own budget.The organization’s regulatory and oversight activities play an important role in the safety, security, and growth of the industry. Of course, this growth has brought out a need for well trained and qualified personnel, particularly pilots and technicians.From the very beginning, we have been making every effort to provide solutions to such matters in order to ensure healthy and sustainable growth. Additionally, our airports, which are operated through the Build-Operate-Transfer model (also known as the Turkish model), have been renewed at zero cost to the State, thus bolstering the development process. They add capacity while also becoming centers of social and economic activity due to architecture and offer all facilitation services to our passengers with no compromise to security. This model is also being used for the new airport in Istanbul which will have an annual capacity of 150 million passengers.FLIGHT SAFETY AND AVIATION SECURITYOur top priorities in the field of civil aviation are to maintain high levels of safety and security and to have an aviation industry that is environmentally friendly, sustainable and efficient.In line with these priorities, which are also in harmony with ICAO’s strategic objectives, we will continue to support regional development by sharing our experiences and capabilities with other countries in the region where requested.Let me take this opportunity to state that, in recent years, Turkish civil aviation sector has experienced annual growth rates of more than 10 per cent despite the global economic crises and is expected to continue to grow at such rates until 2030. This is a result of our experience that we have gained during the last decade and we are ready to share that experience with any country.In the view of such information, I believe that Turkey’s election to the Council of ICAO will provide our country with the opportunity to further contribute to the efforts towards realizing the objectives of the International Civil Aviation Organization.REGIONAL AND GLOBAL COOPERATIONIn the pages ahead, Turkey’s success story will be presented to you with concrete facts and figures. I certainly believe that a civil aviation system that facilitates environmentally friendly and sustainable development with no compromise to flight safety and aviation security can only be accomplished through the utmost cooperation at regional and global levels.Collaboration and coordination between the member States and all related stakeholders to achieve the strategic objectives are needed.Best regards,GREETINGS FROM TURKEY, THE COUNTRY WHERE CONTINENTS AND CULTURES MEET!Ahmet ARSLAN MinisterGREETINGS FROM TURKEYuu 26OVERVIEW OF AVIATION IN TURKEYDomestic FlightsInternational Flights200320032 Bases, 26 Destinations, 1 Airline60 Destinationsuuuu7 Bases, 55 Destinations, 6 Airlines281 Destinations, 115 Countries20162016Growth %303Number of Airline AircraftsAircraftSeat CapacityCargo Capacity (tons)200316227,599302,737201548990,2591,759,6002016(June)52598,1241,752,600TotalPassenger and CargoCargo13103Number of Airlines TotalInternationalDomestic553916Number of AirportsPilots (Turkish License)7,414Pilots (Licensed by other States)1,345 Aircraft Technician 3,594Cabin Crew14,731Air Traffic Controller1,476Air Traffic Safety Electronics Personnel (ATSEP)590Authorized Medical Examiner55Dispatcher396Number ofAVIATION IN Turkey Next >