< Previous 38 ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 1 2015Bi-Courtney Aviation Services Ltd. (BASL), the operator of Murtala Muhammed Airport Terminal Two (MMA2) in Lagos, Nigeria, has trained its security personnel to bring the terminal up to international standards, according to Christophe Penninck, BASL Chief Executive Officer. The two-week training was conducted by ICAO-certified Aviation Security (AVSEC) with the support of the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA). Penninck said MMA2 will inaugurate facilities that would enable self check-in by passengers and urged other airports to install a similar system in their terminals. MMA2 is implementing the Common User Passenger Processing System, which will make it easier and more efficient to process passengers and increase the dwelling time in the terminal. BASL has also installed new automatic gates, which will ensure that only passengers with a valid boarding pass can enter the secure zones.ICAO-CERtIfIEd tRAININg fOR LAgOS SECURItYICAO has ranked the Dominican Republic’s air safety operations compliance with international standards with a high score, confirming the sector’s development in recent years, reported Dominican Civil Aviation Institute (IDAC) director Alejandro Herrera at a meeting of civil aviation directors in Montréal, Canada. "The report confirmed the country’s high degree of safety, averaging 86.19% compliance in all standards."dOmINICAN REpUBLIC SCORES hIghCYBER thREAt AgREEmENt SIgNEdFive major international aviation organizations have agreed to a “common roadmap” to combat attacks from hackers and other cyber criminals. The group includes the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Airports Council International (ACI), the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), the International Air Transport Association (IATA), and the International Coordinating Council of Aerospace Industry Associations (ICCAIA). ICAO Secretary General Raymond Benjamin commented: “Our common goal in developing this agreement is to work more effectively together to establish and promote a robust cybersecurity culture and strategy for the benefit of all actors in our industry.” The new cybersecurity agreement formalizes a common front against the “hackers, hacktivists, cyber criminals, and terrorists now focused on malicious intent ranging from the theft of information and general disruption to potential loss of life.” The signatories will be more proactive in sharing critical information such as threat identification, risk assessments, and cybersecurity best practices. “As technologies rapidly evolve and become more readily accessible to all, cyber threats cannot be ignored,” Benjamin stressed. “This is an important new area of aviation security concern and our global community will ensure that it is met with a strong level of commitment and response.” The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has submitted a report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat containing information on emissions from fuel used for international air transport. The ICAO report highlights recent ICAO developments, including: support to Member States' action plans on aviation carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction activities; technical work on the future use of alternative jet fuels and the associated range of potential emissions reduction; and a seminar on ‘Fuelling Aviation with Green Technology.' ICAO also highlights the establishment of the Environment Advisory Group (EAG) and the group's work on a global market-based measure (MBM) scheme for international aviation.ICAO REpORtS tO UN CLImAtE ChANgE SECREtARIAt ON EmISSIONSOn proposals to use international aviation as a potential source for mobilizing revenue towards the US$100 billion long-term finance target under the UNFCCC, the ICAO report highlights that the achievement of the Organization's global aspirational goal for the international aviation sector requires adequate financial resources. It also notes that ICAO's 38th Assembly urged ICAO and its Member States to express a clear concern on the use of international aviation as a potential source of climate finance for other sectors in a disproportionate manner.The ICAO report contains an appendix of the ICAO Assembly Resolution A38-18 on continuing ICAO policies and practices on climate change. ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 1 2015 39Kuwait's Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has developed seven agreements and memoranda of understanding with various civil aviation authorities to upgrade services and bilateral cooperation. Agreements were signed with Botswana, Guinea Pisao, Jordan, Mali, and Somalia to organize civil aviation services. MoUs were signed with Armenia and Cameron on bilateral cooperation. KUWAIt SIgNS COOpERAtIVE AgREEmENtS India’s Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is restructuring its safety board and seeking to add professional technical expertise ahead of an ICAO audit. Previous ICAO audits in 2006 and 2012 had highlighted a lack of safety inspectors in its DGCA. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration followed ICAO’s 2012 audit with its own and downgraded India, effectively barring new flights to the U.S. by Indian airlines. The result of the ICAO and FAA re-audits will have a bearing on the ability of existing Indian airlines to operate more flights to the U.S. and some international destinations and on new airlines’ ability to start flights to these destinations. ICAO operates its safety oversight auditing programme under a Continuous Monitoring Approach. India’s upcoming 2015 audit is simply our next scheduled visit,” an ICAO spokesperson said. INdIA AddINg EXpERtISE AhEAd Of AUdItEC COmmItS CENtRALIZEd Atm fUNdINgThe European Commission (EC) will support centralized services initiatives in the field of air traffic management (ATM). By implementing the proposed improvements, which include projects to enhance ATM performance, interoperability and reduce costs, the EC aims to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of the European ATM system.Frank Brenner, director general of Eurocontrol, said, “Advanced technology coming out of the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) programme will now be supported both in content and financially by the European Commission. These are technologies that will be implemented centrally beyond the borders of the EU and for all of the 41 Eurocontrol member states.” Brenner believes the new support for centralized services will help to develop a fully managed air and ground datalink infrastructure.Brenner added: “Following the outcome of the recent ICAO Montréal High-Level Safety Conference, it is timely to work intensively on the tracking of aircraft, which we do with the European Tracking Service (EKTR) – CS3.”ICAO has completed a series of regional Global Aviation Dialogues (GLADs) on Market-Based Measures (MBMs) – attracting 350 participants from 79 countries – in Peru, Kenya, Egypt, Singapore, and Spain to share information and provide a progress update on development of ICAO’s global MBM scheme and its potential role in mitigating international aviation CO2 emissions.ICAO Council President Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu said, “The structure and format of the GLADs was designed specifically to inform and engage non-Council states on the basics of MBMs, as well as the potential role of an international aviation MBM to complement the basket of emissions mitigation measures ICAO is already pursuing.” In October 2013, ICAO committed to developing by 2016 a global MBM scheme for implementation in 2020.GLAD sessions focused on environmental integrity, the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of a global scheme, the need for differentiation without discrimination, and the goal of avoiding excessive cost or administrative burdens.For further information, see the ICAO GLADs webpage: http://www.icao.int/Meetings/GLADs-2015/Pages/default.aspxgLAd dIALOgUES fOCUS ON mBm fOR CO2 EmISSIONSThe GLADs process and results will be reviewed in more detail in a coming 2015 issue of the ICAO Journal. 40 ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 1 2015hONg KONg tO OpERAtE NEW AdS-B StAtIONSA new network of eight Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) ground stations is expected to be operational soon in the Hong Kong flight region, supporting the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) regional plan to implement ADS-B throughout the Asia-Pacific region. The Hong Kong ground stations will fuse data from the local ADS-B ground station network as well as foreign stations such as Taiwan and Indonesia. The Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department (CAD) now requires, as of 31 December 2014, that aircraft flying within its airspace be equipped with mandatory ADS-B avionics in all Hong Kong airspace at and above Flight Level 290. In a windowless aircraft, the plane’s interior would be lined with ultra-thin, flexible screens that display streamed images from a variety of sources. The screens could show real-time views of sky and landscape shot by high-resolution cameras mounted on the plane’s exterior. Movies and videoconferences could be shown as well. Displays might be changed with a simple hand gesture. “You can entirely tailor the experience to your preferences,” says Gareth Davies, who led the Ixion/Technicon design team. If you prefer the traditional view, you could even programme the screens to display a classic cabin interior with little windows.“We understood the need to take weight out of aircraft,” said Dr. Jon Helliwell of the Sedgefield, U.K.-based CPI. By omitting windows in favour of walls of screens on panels, the fuselage would be lighter. “Follow the logical thought through. Let’s take all the windows out – that’s what they do in cargo aircraft.”The screens would be made using organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) – a combination of materials that give out their own light when activated by electricity. The CPI is part of an umbrella group which receives U.K. government funding to drive growth in manufacturing. CPI says it's working on technologies to advance flexible OLEDs and tackle problems of cost and durability.The idea of having the displays lining the inside of the plane could become reality in 10 years, Dr. Helliwell estimated.What if airplane passengers could enjoy a “panoramic” view of the world outside their aircraft, instead of the current small windows? Developers in the U.K., U.S., and France are working on replacing the current aircraft fuselage structure with “smart screen” panels which will enable views of the outside or, optionally, display of computer information – like having a large-screen monitor next to your seat – so you could check your email or surf the internet.In effect, the fuselage would become one large display screen. But part of the objective is also to reduce weight, which would cut fuel consumption.Among the companies working on so-called “windowless” designs are Ixion, a private jet concept, supported by Technicon Design, Elancourt, France (pictured); supersonic business jet developer Spike Aerospace in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.; and the Centre for Process Innovation (CPI), a U.K. organization in northeast England.REAdY fOR BIg-SCREEN tV AIRpLANES?PUB ICAO JOURNAL – ISSUE 1 2015 3Next >