< Previous“A WELL-DESIGNED AVIATION ECOSYSTEM NEEDS TO BE FORWARD LOOKING, NIMBLE AND CONSTANTLY IMPROVING; TRUST-WORTHY AND INCLUSIVE TO ACCOMMODATE AN EVER- EXPANDING NETWORK OF STAKEHOLDERS WITH COMPLEX DEMANDS; CONNECTED AND INTEGRATED GLOBALLY.” ~ Mr Kevin Shum, Director-General, Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore environments. Such trials include testing airside autonomous vehicles’ capabilities to navigate in the smaller operational environments of cargo and baggage sorting facilities before they are deployed to wider areas. SAFE, SUSTAINABLE, AND VIBRANT ECOSYSTEM Safety is of paramount importance to aviation. In Singapore, a robust safety management system ensures that complex air traffic and large numbers of aircraft are managed safely. The system has been built on a positive feedback loop with a strong safety culture, good safety data that allow for accurate assessments, and safety enhancement through mitigation measures. We are continuously improving safety management. Singapore was among the first few States to implement a State Safety Programme as a proactive approach towards safety management. Regionally, Singapore has been a firm advocate of AP-SHARE that would improve aviation safety in the region through collaborative data collection, analysis, and information sharing. We take a proactive, calibrated, and customised approach to promote beneficial applications of Unmanned Aviation Systems (UAS) whilst mitigating the risks to safety and security. Singapore facilitates the growth of the UAS industry through multiple initiatives. This includes the designation of a drone estate for the testing of drone operations, co-funding the development and implementation of prototypes for innovative UAS operations in our urban environment, and collaborative policy-making with the industry such as for Beyond Visual Line- of-Sight requirements. As a member of the ICAO Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Panel, Singapore contributes to formulating globally-recognised Standards and Recommended ©LIEW TONG LENG Smart Tower technology – building blocks for the future of ATMPractices for international operations of unmanned aircraft, in areas ranging from UA pilot licensing, airworthiness, aircraft operations to air traffic management. The environmental sustainability of air travel is a priority for Singapore. Our approach is to forge collaborations with air operators and other Air Navigation Services Providers (ANSPs) to develop innovative initiatives to address aviation emissions. An example is the Distributed Multi-Nodal ATFM Network that promotes better capacity management across the board, which has expanded to include nine Asia-Pacific ANSPs. As of 2018, it has helped to save 3,400 minutes of airborne delay, equivalent to 167,000kg of fuel saved and a reduction of 527,000kg of carbon emissions. Changi Airport is also investing in infrastructural upgrades to enhance energy-efficiency and deployment of electric vehicles and solar panel systems to reduce carbon emissions, while also mitigating the risks of rising sea levels by building the new terminal 5.5 metres above the mean sea level with flood barriers and an upgraded drainage system. ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY AND PASSENGER EXPERIENCE Changi Airport is a centre-piece of Singapore’s vibrant aviation ecosystem. It is a leading air hub with unrivalled efficiency and a unique “Changi experience” for travellers. With an increasing number of passengers, Changi Airport has embraced creative solutions to continue facilitating global connectivity whilst delighting passengers. The Fast and Seamless Travel (FAST) transformation has introduced self-service check-in counters and automated bag-drop machines on a large scale, along with facial recognition technology that would replace manual identity checks. ©CHANGI AIRPORT GROUP Changi Control Tower – connecting Singapore and the worldThis means shorter queues for passengers, an improved passenger experience, and greater productivity. The newly opened Jewel Changi Airport is a hallmark of innovation which integrates nature and lifestyle with an airport. Passengers’ experience of dining in a terraced forest beside the world’s tallest indoor waterfall goes beyond that of a conventional airport. Singapore Airlines has upheld the highest service excellence across the years by constantly innovating to remain at the forefront of the industry. Its new digital innovation lab, the KrisLab, was formally launched in early 2019 as a collaborative workspace for Singapore Airlines staff to co-innovate with external partners, start-ups, and incubators to adopt digitalisation and technology throughout its business operations. There is an ongoing study to use virtual reality technology to enhance the design process of future cabin concepts before implementation. Data analytics and artificial intelligence are also being explored for their possible applications to revenue management and predictive aircraft maintenance. These innovations allow Singapore Airlines to maintain its competitive advantage in providing the highest quality of passenger experience. CULTIVATING CAPABILITIES AND COMPETENCIES The success of the adoption and implementation of innovative ideas depend on our aviation professionals and their mindset. The Singapore Aviation Academy (SAA) is continually reviewing its pedagogy to incorporate the latest innovations and cater to tech-savvy millennials in the workforce. The improved pedagogy involves the use of simulators, hands-on exercises, and people- centric participatory setups. This promotes free-flowing and multi-directional learning among a network of facilitators and learners in a conducive environment, formal or informal. It will be geared towards a practitioner-focused deep-learning approach where participants apply knowledge to manage real world situations and undertake projects requiring creative problem-solving. ©CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE “OUR RESPONSIBILITY IS TO HELP PRESERVE THE LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF CIVIL AVIATION.” ~ Mr Khaw Boon Wan, Minister of Transport, Singapore New state-of-the-art 360° aerodrome simulator at the Singapore Aviation Academy“HAVING AGREED ON CERTAIN PRINCIPLES AND ARRANGEMENTS IN ORDER THAT INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION MAY BE DEVELOPED IN A SAFE AND ORDERLY MANNER AND THAT INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT SERVICES MAY BE ESTABLISHED ON THE BASIS OF EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND OPERATED SOUNDLY AND ECONOMICALLY.” ~ Opening Preamble, Chicago Convention At SIAEC, we believe in investing for the future and advancing innovation to deliver the best-in-class aircraft maintenance solutions. Together with our network of 24 joint ventures with major OEMs, we provide a wide range of MRO services to our customers. Our commitment to service excellence ensures that your aircraft will always be in good hands. The SAA will continue to support the development of competencies for the global aviation sector, especially those in developing countries. To date, the SAA has trained over 129,000 personnel from 200 States and territories, of whom over 8,000 were awarded fellowships provided by the Singapore government. The Singapore Government has also set aside 600 fellowships and 40 scholarships under the Programme for Young Aviation Professionals for those below the age of 35 to take up leadership courses at the SAA. Memorandums of Understanding have been concluded with various regions to provide onsite training courses and fellowships that would cater to their specific needs. The responses to these programmes have been overwhelming – an encouraging sign for the future prospects of aviation. OUR SHARED JOURNEY INTO THE FUTURE It was a leap of faith that roused the Wright Brothers to take to the skies in 1903. It was a similar, unbridled spirit of enterprise that inspired the founding fathers of global aviation to sign the Chicago Convention in 1944, ushering an unprecedented era of safe, interconnected skies. The global aviation community can be proud to have, over the past 75 years, banded together to improve safety and security standards, respond to evolving threats and surging air traffic growth, and enhance the interoperability of systems. We are closer than ever before to realising a seamless and borderless airspace. Building on the foundations of our global aviation system, with a healthy balance of openness and caution and the collective spirit of ICAO, we are confident that the aviation community will be able to come together as one. Leveraging on innovation, we can make this new era better and brighter for international civil aviation and future generations to come.TOGETHER, WE BRING YOU MORE OF THE WORLD Experience award-winning serviceEarn KrisFlyer milesComplimentary baggage allowance FLY TO THE PLACES YOU LOVE WITH SINGAPORE AIRLINES AND SILKAIR It’s now easier than ever to discover the wonders of the world, with a seamless journey from start to end. Our combined network connects you to over 95 destinations across 30 countries - in one booking. Bringing you the joy of flying, it’s just one of the lengths we go to. ^Flights to commence September 2019. *To be operated by Scoot progressively from April 2019. Singapore Airlines (SQ) SilkAir (MI) Singapore Airlines and SilkAir SOUTHWEST PACIFIC ADELAIDE AUCKLAND BRISBANE CAIRNS CANBERRA CHRISTCHURCH DARWIN MELBOURNE PERTH SYDNEY WELLINGTON NORTH ASIA BEIJING CHANGSHA* CHENGDU CHONGQING FUKUOKA FUZHOU* GUANGZHOU HIROSHIMA HONG KONG KUNMING* NAGOYA OSAKA SEOUL SHANGHAI SHENZHEN TAIPEI TOKYO WUHAN* XIAMEN WEST ASIA & AFRICA AHMEDABAD BENGALURU CAPE TOWN CHENNAI COIMBATORE* COLOMBO DHAKA DUBAI HYDERABAD JOHANNESBURG KATHMANDU KOCHI KOLKATA MALÉ (MALDIVES) MUMBAI NEW DELHI THIRUVANANTHAPURAM* VISAKHAPATNAM* EUROPE AMSTERDAM BARCELONA COPENHAGEN DÜSSELDORF FRANKFURT ISTANBUL LONDON MANCHESTER MILAN MOSCOW MUNICH PARIS ROME STOCKHOLM ZURICH AMERICA HOUSTON LOS ANGELES NEW YORK (JFK & EWR) SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE^ SOUTHEAST ASIA BALIKPAPAN* BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN BANDUNG BANGKOK (SUVARNABHUMI) CEBU CHIANG MAI* DA NANG DAVAO DENPASAR (BALI) HANOI HO CHI MINH CITY JAKARTA KOH SAMUI KOTA KINABALU* KUALA LUMPUR LOMBOK* LUANG PRABANG* MAKASSAR* MANADO* MANDALAY MANILA MEDAN PENANG PHNOM PENH PHUKET SEMARANG* SIEM REAP SINGAPORE SURABAYA VIENTIANE* YANGON YOGYAKARTA* singaporeair.comsilkair.comSingapore Changi Airport We’ve redefined what an airport can be with the launch of our newest icon – Jewel Changi Airport. Passengers and visitors can step into spectacular attractions and lush greenery, and be wowed by our unique Changi Experience. changiairport.com HSBC Rain Vortex, Jewel Changi Airport THE GLOBAL AVIATION SECURITY PLAN (GASeP) Priorities and challenges In the three years since the 39th Session of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Assembly, a seismic shift in the political perspectives and operational implementation of aviation security has taken place. This shift can be directly tied to the development and distribution of the Global Aviation Security Plan (GASeP) – a long-term strategic document that clearly articulates the roles, responsibilities, and specific outcomes necessary to reinforce the aviation domain against acts of unlawful interference. Unlike the strategy it replaced - the ICAO Comprehensive Aviation Security Strategy (ICASS) - the GASeP is not limited to ICAO responsibilities and activities. Instead, the GASeP is a comprehensive approach that also includes all other facets of the aviation ecosystem from regulators to industry Airport of the Future security screening concepts. stakeholders and manufacturers to the traveling public. The GASeP identifies the five core pillars of aviation security and articulates each as a Priority Outcome: • Risk Awareness and Response, • Security Culture and Human Capability, • Technological Resources and Innovation, • Oversight and Quality Assurance, and • Cooperation and Support. Each Outcome is further defined through a set of Priority Actions and a supporting Roadmap that conveys the implementing Tasks. The Roadmap also identifies a series of aspirational targets for Effective Implementation, as documented through the Universal Security Audit Programme – Continuous Monitoring Approach (USAP-CMA) process. This 34 | ICAO JOURNAL | ISSUE 2 | 2019 THE GLOBAL AVIATION SECURITY PLAN (GASEP)global oversight programme ensures each State is evaluated using the same interpretation of SARPs, the same methodology for the audits, and the same criteria for determining the level of implementation. Collated data are shared across the aviation security community to highlight areas for added emphasis and assistance, although specific State results are carefully protected. Extensive work is underway by States, industry, and a variety of organizations to implement the myriad tasks supporting the five Priority Outcomes. The GASeP emphasizes the importance of sharing innovative approaches to security through strengthened cooperation and collaboration. To achieve this, ICAO convened a series of regional conferences that focused on shared accountability and regional priorities, identified unique challenges and threats, and resulted in region- specific roadmaps. Each event was attended by numerous high-level officials and representatives from States and stakeholders. The regional roadmaps are living documents, updated periodically, that identify responsibilities and priorities for meeting the objectives of the Plan. Recognizing the need to facilitate world- wide conversations on the GASeP, ICAO initiated the Global Aviation Security Symposium series. AVSEC2017 was the first symposium focused specifically on important facets of the GASeP. Formal panel discussions were accompanied by workshops, interactive displays, and table-top exercises. AVSEC2018 followed a similar format but focused extensively on the need to know and share critical security information. This concept was explored from the perspective of each priority outcome and involved not only moderated panels and debates, but also audience opinions, perspectives, questions, and feedback through an interactive application dedicated to the event. AVSEC2018 was preceded by the inaugural Industry Engagement Day, which focused on current and anticipated innovations in technology and processes. AVSEC2019, scheduled for September 2019 immediately prior to the ICAO World Aviation Forum and the 40th Session of the ICAO Assembly, will emphasize the importance of sharing innovative solutions. During this symposium, ICAO will spotlight States and industry stakeholders around the world that have developed best practices and implemented innovative approaches to enhance and sustain effective aviation security measures. Each of these events – the global symposia, regional conferences, intersessional meetings – emphasizes that mitigating risks is not solely reliant on technology-based, high-monetary solutions; process innovation can improve security outcomes just by changing the way the security workforce conducts their jobs and how they are trained. However, change and innovation can only thrive through cooperation between States, international agencies, organizations, and the industry partners that support them. The importance of ensuring States and stakeholders possess the necessary knowledge and capabilities is at the core of the No Country Left Behind initiative. Aviation security assistance comprises a multitude of formats such as formal classroom training, long-term mentoring partnerships, or even technology donations. ICAO, through the Aviation Security Panel, its dedicated Working Groups, and its seven Regional Offices, develops and presents a spectrum of products designed to ensure the most pressing security needs are identified and addressed, whether at the local, State, or regional level. In the 45 years since Annex 17 – Security was first promulgated, aviation security professionals have witnessed ever- broadening and evolving threats to air transportation. At the same time, the number and capacity of passenger and cargo operations have grown exponentially and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. The GASeP and its Roadmap enable decision-makers to: • better understand global, regional, and national risks; • strengthen the competencies and culture of their workforce; • develop and deploy the most effective technologies; • ensure the implemented solutions are effective; and, • offer or receive assistance to bolster their security posture. By providing the impetus (the GASeP) and the mechanisms (global fora), ICAO is ensuring viable solutions are available to those who need them. Through these initiatives, aviation security is becoming stronger every day . THE GLOBAL AVIATION SECURITY PLAN (GASEP) www.ICAO.int | 35Pilot phase through 2023 on track, currently 80 volunteer states ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY CORSIA IMPLEMENTATION At the 39th Session of the ICAO Assembly, States adopted a global market-based measure scheme, referred to as the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). CORSIA is the first-ever market-based measure addressing emissions of a major industry sector at the global level, and it is a part of the broader package of mitigation measures that aims at reaching the ICAO’s aspirational goal of carbon neutral growth from 2020 onwards. ICAO’s 75th anniversary provides a tremendous opportunity to not only highlight the significant environmental progress it has made and continues to make, but to also showcase that over the coming years, international flights are going to be built on a much greener foundation thanks to the global actions by governments, industry, non- governmental actors, and society as a whole. International aviation is the first and only sector to agree on a global market-based measure, with ICAO Member States agreeing on CORSIA as the path forward in 2016. With this achievement comes also the challenge of the implementation of a first-of- a-kind scheme. The 39th Assembly agreed on a very ambitious timeline, which included the request to the ICAO Council on the development of Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) to be adopted by 2018, and the scheme to start being implemented from 1 January 2019. Despite these very tight deadlines, considerable progress has been achieved since this landmark agreement and CORSIA is on track, with major steps of the implementation roadmap already being implemented. HOW DOES CORSIA WORK? The CORSIA has a phased implementation approach, with a pilot phase from 2021 through 2023; a first phase from 2024 through 2026; and a second phase from 2027 through 2035. For the first two phases from 2021 to 2026, participation by States is voluntary. For the second phase, from 2027, all States that have an individual share of 2018 Revenue Tonne Kilometres (RTKs) higher than 0.5 per cent of total RTKs or whose cumulative share in the list of States from the highest to the lowest amount of RTKs reaches 90 per cent of total RTKs are required to participate, except Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs), unless they volunteer. The CORSIA takes a route-based approach, i.e. emissions from international flights between two States. “ CORSIA is on track , with major steps of the implementation roadmap already being implemented.” 36 | ICAO JOURNAL | ISSUE 2 | 2019 CORSIA IMPLEMENTATIONCurrently, 80 States - representing 76.63 per cent of international aviation RTKs (the utilized capacity for passengers and cargo expressed in metric tonnes, multiplied by the distance flown) – have announced their intention to participate in the CORSIA from its outset. This includes many States that despite being exempted from the scheme have opted to join CORSIA, such as SIDS, which being the most vulnerable to climate change have chosen to offer their full support to the implementation of CORSIA. CORSIA is based on a route-based approach. This means that emissions from international flights between two States where both the origin and the destination States participate in the CORSIA are covered by the offsetting requirements of the scheme. On the other hand, emissions from international flights between two States where the origin and/or destination States do not participate in the CORSIA are excluded from the offsetting requirements of the scheme. Once participating States and air routes between the participating States to be covered by the CORSIA are defined every year from 2021, the amount of CO 2 offsetting requirements for individual The Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) developed SARPs and related guidance material. aircraft operators is calculated, as follows: a. During the period from 2021 through 2029, the amount of CO 2 offsetting requirements is calculated by multiplying the operators’ annual emissions with a single sectoral growth factor every year, following a so-called 100 percent sectoral approach; and b. From 2030, the amount of CO 2 offsetting requirements is calculated following a hybrid approach that takes into account both the sectoral growth factor and growth factors of individual operators: the individual factors’ contribution to the calculation will be at least 20 per cent from 2030 to 2032; and at least 70 percent from 2033 to 2035. Starting in 2022, the CORSIA will be periodically reviewed, every three years, by the Council. The review will include, among other features, the assessment of its impact on the growth of international aviation. The results of this assessment will serve as an important basis for the Council to recommend, as appropriate, adjustments to the scheme for the consideration by the Assembly. CORSIA IMPLEMENTATION At the request of the ICAO Assembly, the Council, with the technical contribution of the Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP), developed SARPs and related guidance material. The SARPs, guidance, and tools developed by ICAO constitute a robust Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system for international aviation CO 2 emissions. As of 1 January 2019, aeroplane operators with international flights have already started to monitor fuel use and calculate corresponding CO 2 emissions, as per the new Annex 16, Volume IV adopted by the Council, and the MRV will be used as the basis for the calculation of offsetting requirements under CORSIA. The CORSIA-related SARPs and guidance (also referred to as the “CORSIA package”) comprise three distinct but interrelated components: 1. Annex 16, Volume IV, which provides the actions by States and aeroplane operators (the “what” and “when”) to implement CORSIA; 2. Environmental Technical Manual (Doc 9501), Volume IV, which provides the guidance on the process (the “how”) to implement CORSIA; and CORSIA IMPLEMENTATION www.ICAO.int | 37Next >